Shaw
Hightower
English*
This Opinion is Not a
Precedent of the TTAB
Mailed: June 28, 2019
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
_____
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
_____
GFBC, Inc.
v.
A Sun Down Enterprise, LLC
d/b/a Sun Up Brewing Company
_____
Opposition No. 91234503
_____
Karen K. Gaunt and Leanthony Edwards Jr. of Dinsmore & Shohl LLP,
for GFBC, Inc.
Anthony M. Verna III, Verna Law, P.C.
_____
Before Shaw, Hightower, and English,
Administrative Trademark Judges.
Opinion by English, Administrative Trademark Judge:
Applicant, A Sun Down Enterprise, LLC, d/b/a Sun Up Brewing Company, seeks
registration on the Principal Register of the standard character mark RED FLASH
for beer. Opposer, GFBC, Inc., opposes registration on the ground of likelihood of
confusion under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d), based on
alleged prior use and registration of the marks: (1) GREEN FLASH for beer and
Opposition No. 91234503
non-metal taps for beer kegs;1 (2) GREEN FLASH BREWING CO. for bar services
featuring craft beer;2 and (3) FLASH OF GENIUS for beer3 and t-shirts.4 (The
marks in items 1 and 2 are collectively referred to as the GREEN FLASH Marks.)
In its answer, Applicant denies the salient allegations in the notice of opposition.5
I. The Record
The record consists of the pleadings and the file of Applicants involved application
by operation of Trademark Rule 2.122(b), 37 C.F.R § 2.122(b). In addition, Opposer
submitted the amended testimony declaration,6 with one exhibit, of Michael Hinkley,
co-founder of Green Flash Brewing and current advisor to [Opposer],7 and a notice
of reliance on the following evidence:
The prosecution file histories for the pleaded registrations;
Printouts from the USPTO Trademark Status and Document Retrieval
(TSDR) database for the GREEN FLASH Marks; and
Sixteen Internet printouts of articles, press releases, customer reviews, and
media references to Opposer and goods offered under the GREEN FLASH
1 Registration No. 4766676, in standard characters; registered July 7, 2015.
2Registration No. 5057034, in standard characters; registered October 11, 2016; Brewing
Co. disclaimed.
3 Registration No. 4786191, in standard characters; registered August 4, 2015.
4 Registration No. 4993665, in standard characters; registered July 5, 2016.
5 Answer, 5 TTABVUE.
6Opposer amended the declaration to include a certificate of service. 13 TTABVUE 2. The
amended declaration otherwise appears to be identical to the original declaration at 12
TTABVUE.
7 Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3, ¶ 1.
2
Opposition No. 91234503
Marks.
Applicant did not introduce any testimony or evidence. Nor did Applicant file a brief.8
II. Standing and Priority
As the plaintiff in this proceeding, Opposer bears the burden of establishing its
standing and Section 2(d) claim by a preponderance of the evidence. Cerveceria
Centroamericana, S.A. v. Cerveceria India Inc., 892 F.2d 1021, 13 USPQ2d 1307, 1309
(Fed. Cir. 1989); Jansen Enters. Inc. v. Rind, 85 USPQ2d 1104, 1107 (TTAB 2007).
Where, as here, an opposers sole claim is priority and likelihood of confusion, an
opposer may establish standing and priority by proving ownership of a subsisting
federal registration or any one of a number of types of use sufficient to establish prior
proprietary rights. Demon Intl LC v. Lynch, 86 USPQ2d 1058, 1060 (TTAB 2008).
Applicant did not make any admissions in its answer regarding Opposers pleaded
registrations or common law rights, and for the reasons explained below, the evidence
of record does not establish by a preponderance of the evidence that Opposer owns
the pleaded registrations or has prior proprietary rights in the pleaded marks.
The TSDR records for the GREEN FLASH Marks submitted into the record by
Opposer show that the registrations are owned by WC IPA LLC (WC IPA), not by
Opposer GFBC, Inc.9 Specifically, the TSDR records show that on:
8Because Opposer has the burden of proof, Applicant had no obligation to submit evidence
or a brief, and we do not construe its decision not to do so as a concession of the case.
Trademark Rule 2.128(a)(1), 37 C.F.R. § 2.128(a)(1); Yazhong Investing Ltd. v. Multi-Media
Tech. Ventures, Ltd., 126 USPQ2d 1526, 1531 n.13 (TTAB 2018).
9 Notice of Reliance, Exhibit 3, 14 TTABVUE 268-71, and Exhibit 4, 14 TTABVUE 330-32.
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Opposition No. 91234503
August 12, 2015, Opposer granted a security interest in the GREEN FLASH
Marks to Comercia Bank;
March 30, 2018, Opposer assigned the entire interest in the GREEN FLASH
Marks to Comercia Bank; and
March 30, 2018, Comercia Bank assigned the entire interest in the GREEN
FLASH Marks to WC IPA.10
There is no evidence in the record to explain what relationship, if any, Opposer has
with WC IPA, and Opposer did not address the assignment of the GREEN FLASH
Marks in its brief. In any event, only the record owner of a registration may rely on
it to establish standing and priority. See Trademark Act Section 7(b), 15 U.S.C.
§ 1057(b) (A certificate of registration of a mark upon the principal register shall
be prima facie evidence of the owners ownership of the mark, and of the owners
exclusive right to use the registered mark ….) (emphasis added).
As to the FLASH OF GENIUS mark, Opposer did not make status and title copies
of the pleaded registrations of record through any of the means available to it under
the Trademark Rules. The mere prosecution file histories for the registrations are
insufficient because they do not show that Opposer currently owns the registrations
or that the registrations are subsisting. Syngenta Crop Prot. Inc. v. Bio-Chek LLC, 90
USPQ2d 1112, 1116-17 (TTAB 2009) (plain copy of registration certificate
insufficient); Indus. Adhesive Co. v. Borden, Inc., 218 USPQ 945, 947-48 (TTAB 1983)
(photocopy of registration without status and title information insufficient to
10 Id.
4
Opposition No. 91234503
establish prima facie showing).
Mr. Hinkley testifies that:
Opposer owns the federally registered [pleaded] trademarks[.]11
Since beginning operations in 2002, [Opposer] has sold in excess of an
estimated 200 million USD ($200,000,000.00) worth of beer and related
merchandise bearing the [pleaded marks] within the United States of
America.12
Since launch, [Opposer] has spent in excess of 20 million USD
($20,000,000.00) on marketing beer and related merchandise under the
[pleaded marks] throughout the United States of America.13
As a result of [Opposers] marketing and brand building efforts around the
mark GREEN FLASH, [Opposer] has established one of the most recognizable
brands in its industry. [Opposer] is ranked in the top 50 of over 6,600 breweries
in the U.S. on social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.14
It is well established that the oral testimony of a single witness with personal
knowledge may establish a partys ownership or use of a mark, but only if it is
sufficiently probative. Exec. Coach Builder, Inc. v. SPV Coach Co., 123 USPQ2d 1175,
11Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3-4, ¶ 4. Mr. Hinkley has not testified as to the current
status of the pleaded registrations. Alcan Aluminum Corp. v. Alcar Metals Inc., 200 USPQ
742, 744 n.5 (TTAB 1978) (plain copies of registrations introduced through testimony which
established ownership of the registrations but failed to establish that they were currently
subsisting were not considered).
12 Id. at 4, ¶ 5.
13 Id. at ¶ 6.
14 Id. at ¶ 8.
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Opposition No. 91234503
1184 (TTAB 2017); GAF Corp. v. Amatol Analytical Servs., Inc., 192 USPQ 576, 577,
583 (TTAB 1976). The testimony should not be characterized by contradictions,
inconsistencies, and indefiniteness but should carry with it conviction of its accuracy
and applicability. B.R. Baker Co. v. Lebow Bros., 150 F.2d 580, 66 USPQ 232 (CCPA
1945); Nationstar Mortg. LLC v. Ahmad, 112 USPQ2d 1361, 1372 (TTAB 2014).
Corroborating evidence strengthens oral testimony. Executive Coach, 123 USPQ2d at
1184.
We find that Mr. Hinkleys testimony is not credible for several reasons. First,
Mr. Hinkley testifies that he was the founder of Opposers predecessor-in-interest
Green Flash Brewing,15 but that he now serves as a current advisor to Opposer.16
Mr. Hinkley has not explained in what capacity he advises Opposer, and therefore,
the basis for his testimony that he has the personal knowledge necessary to testify
regarding current ownership of the pleaded registrations and current use of the
pleaded marks is unclear. Fed. R. Evid. 602 (A witness may not testify to matter
unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has
personal knowledge of the matter.).
Second, the TSDR records Opposer submitted directly contradict Mr. Hinkleys
testimony that Opposer owns the GREEN FLASH Marks. The recordation of the
assignment of the GREEN FLASH registrations with the Office is prima facie
15Notice of Reliance, Exhibit 3, 14 TTABVUE 268-71, and Exhibit 4, 14 TTABVUE 330-32
(TSDR records reflecting that Green Flash Brewing, Inc., d/b/a Green Flash Brewing
Company merged into GFBC, Inc.).
16 Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3, ¶ 1.
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Opposition No. 91234503
evidence of the execution of the assignment. Trademark Act Section 10(a)(3), 15
U.S.C. § 1060(a)(3). In the absence of evidence rebutting the assignment, we must
treat WC IPA as the owner of the GREEN FLASH Marks.17 See Sonic Distribs., Inc.
v. Intl Battery, Inc., 175 USPQ 255, 256 (TTAB 1972). Any rights Opposer accrued in
the GREEN FLASH Marks now accrue to WC IPA. Karsten Mfg. Corp. v. Editoy AG,
79 USPQ2d 1783, 1790 n.9 (TTAB 2006) ([T]he law is well established that an
assignee stands in the shoes of its assignor.); 3 J. Thomas McCarthy, MCCARTHY ON
TRADEMARKS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION § 18:15 (5th ed. 2019) (After an assignment,
the assignor has divested itself of its trademark rights. The title of the assignee is
superior.). The other documentary evidence Opposer has submitted, namely, the
Internet printouts and file histories for the pleaded registrations, does not rebut the
assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks nor is it sufficient to establish Opposers
current ownership or use of the FLASH OF GENIUS mark.18
Third, the implication of Mr. Hinkleys testimony is that Opposer has been using
the pleaded marks since 2002, but Opposer acknowledges in its brief that it did not
17 If Opposer continued to use the GREEN FLASH Marks notwithstanding the assignment
on March 30, 2018, this would constitute a new use after Applicants filing and constructive
first use date of September 1, 2016.
18 None of the Internet printouts reference the FLASH OF GENIUS mark. Twelve of the
sixteen Internet printouts consist of content published before the March 30, 2018 assignment
of the GREEN FLASH Marks. 14 TTABVUE 382-86, 392-400, 405-07, 410-12, and 418-31.
The remaining four webpage printouts have limited probative value as we consider them only
for what they show on their face, not for the truth of their contents. Safer, Inc. v. OMS Invs.,
Inc., 94 USPQ2d 1031, 1040 (TTAB 2010).
There is some evidence that Opposer may have used Green Flash as a trade name, but it is
insufficient to establish that Opposer has continued to use the Green Flash trade name after
assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks.
7
Opposition No. 91234503
commence use of its pleaded marks for the pleaded goods and services until much
later.19 Mr. Hinkleys testimony also is vague and ambiguous; he does not testify that
Opposers sales and marketing in connection with the pleaded marks have been
continuous. The ambiguity is glaring in view of the evidence demonstrating that
Opposer has assigned its rights in the GREEN FLASH Marks to an apparently
unrelated party.
III. Conclusion
Considering all of the evidence as a whole, Opposer has failed to prove its
ownership of the pleaded registrations or use establishing prior proprietary rights.
Accordingly, Opposer has not proven its standing or priority.
Decision: The opposition is dismissed for Opposers lack of standing and
priority.
19 15 TTABVUE 5.
8